Seirbhísí

Reáchtálann Met Éireann na córais bhreithnóireachta náisiúnta shionoptacha, aeráide agus bháistí. Tá an eolaíocht aeráide ar fad bunaithe ar shonraí breathnóireachta ardchaighdeáin. Reáchtálann Met Éireann an líonra náisiúnta breathnóireachta de réir na gCaighdeán Meitéareolaíochta Domhanda, déantar rialú cáilíochta ar na sonraí agus stóráiltear go slán sa chartlann náisiúnta aeráide iad.

Tá na sonraí ar fáil chun anailís a dhéanamh orthu, a luaithe a bheidh rialú cáilíochta déanta orthu. Sainmhínítear leis an anailís sin aeráid na hÉireann, mar shampla, cuirtear Meánluachanna Fadtéarmacha ar fáil ar féidir breathnuithe reatha a chur i gcomparáid ina n-aghaidh. Gintear raon táirgí ó na sonraí anailísithe. Foilsítear ráitis le haghaidh gach míosa, gach séasúir agus gach bliana, gintear tacair sonraí ghreillithe maidir le báisteach agus teocht. Gintear táirgí sonracha, mar shampla, d’úsáideoirí sna hearnálacha talmhaíochta agus innealtóireachta.

Tá baint ag Met Éireann le samhaltú aeráide domhanda trína rannpháirtíocht i gcuibhreannas EC-Earth, agus le samhlacha domhanda a íos-scálú go leibhéal réigiúnach trí chomhpháirtíochtaí agus trí chomhoibriú le GCC, ollscoileanna agus Ionad na hÉireann um Ríomhaireacht Ardleibhéil (IÉRA). Tá athanailís ardtaifigh ar aeráid na hÉireann ó 1961, MÉRA, tugtha chun críche freisin.

Tá Met Éireann tiomanta do pholasaí Sonraí Oscailte, tá raon leathan sonraí ar fáil le híoslódáil faoi cheadúnas oscailte, ó bhreathnuithe go greillí go hathanailís. Tá an raon sonraí atá ar fáil ag leathnú go leanúnach agus tá uirlisí á bhforbairt chun rochtain níos fearr a chumasú amach anseo. Is féidir sonraí nach bhfuil ar fáil ar líne a fháil ach teagmháil a dhéanamh linn go díreach.

Click here for Latest Farming Commentary.

Soil Moisture Deficits, Evaporation, Potential Evapotranspiration, Actual Evapotranspiration and Runoff:

• Soil Moisture Deficit (SMD) is the amount of rain needed to bring the soil moisture content back to field capacity.
• Field capacity (SMD=0) is the amount of water the soil can hold against gravity i.e. the maximum water a pot plant can be watered and not leak water. Negative SMD indicates a water surplus, which will be drained over time through either infiltration or overland flow or both.
• Saturation is reached when SMD= -10mm, i.e a water surplus of 10mm. Positive SMD is below field capacity and rain can infiltrate to the capacity of the SMD amount. In a saturated soil all of the available soil pores are full of water, but water will drain out of large pores under the force of gravity.
• Evaporation is the rate of water loss from a free water surface such as a reservoir, lake, pool, or saturated soil. A Class A Pan is used for measuring evaporation. This is a circular tank 1.21 m in diameter and 0.25m deep, partly filled with water and mounted on a frame to allow free circulation of air underneath. Additional water is required to maintain a set level.
• Evapotranspiration is the total water flux into the atmosphere, i.e. the sum of evaporation and transpiration (water flux through plant stomata).
• Potential (or Reference) Evapotranspiration (PE) is the water flux under non-limiting soil water conditions. A lysimeter is used to measure the rate of potential evapotranspiration from grass. It consists of four sunken tanks, each some 0.25m sq. in area and 0.75m in depth. The soil surface in each tank is at the same level as the surroundings. Grass cover is maintained on the tanks. Measured Potential Evapotranspiration is recorded at Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford and Valentia Observatory, Co.Kerry. In Met Éireann the FAO Penman-Monteith formula is used to calculate the daily Potential (Reference) Evapotranspiration, using meteorological data recorded at our Synoptic Stations.
• Actual Evapotranspiration (AE) is the water flux which actually occurs. This is limited by the amount of moisture available in the soil. Estimates of Actual Evapotranspiration are derived from calculated values of Potential Evapotranspiration and current SMDs.

Soil Moisture Deficit Model

A hybrid SMD Model* has been developed which accounts for differences in drainage regimes between different soil types in Ireland. Three soil drainage classes, well drained, moderately drained and poorly drained, are defined as follows:

• Drainage is the amount of water lost from the topsoil through either percolation or overland flow and is dependent on the soil drainage capacity.
• Well Drained: Soil never saturates, remains at field capacity even on very wet days in winter. Minimum SMD=zero. When SMD > 0mm AE is less than PE, decreasing linearly to zero when SMD is at a theoretical Maximum of 110mm.
• Moderately Drained: May saturate on wet winter days, but return to Field Capacity on first dry day. Minimum SMD= minus10mm. When SMD >0 AE is less than PE, decreasing linearly to zero when SMD is at a theoretical Maximum of 110mm.
• Poorly Drained: Saturates on wet winter days, water surplus is drained at very slow rates, in the order of 0.5mm per day. Minimum SMD= minus 10mm. When SMD >10mm AE is less than PE, decreasing linearly to zero when SMD is at a theoretical Maximum of 110mm

Daily Soil Moisture Deficits and calculated PE and AE are available for the three different soil drainage classes for our Synoptic Stations. Soil moisture deficits and surpluses are computed from the differences between rainfall and actual evapotranspiration. Soil moisture surpluses are assumed to be removed by drainage and surface run-off over time.

Potential (Reference) Evapotranspiration Calculation

The potential evapotranspiration, ET0 is calculated according to the FAO Penman-Monteith Equation (Allen et al., 1998) for a reference grass crop at an assumed height of 0.12m :

where ET₀ is the potential evapotranspiration (mm d-1),
R_n is the net radiation at the crop surface (MJ m-2 d-1),
G is the ground heat flux density (MJ m-2 d-1),
T is the air temperature at 2 m height (°C),
u₂ is the wind speed at 2 m height (m s-1),
e_s and e_a are the saturation vapour pressure and the actual vapour pressure, respectively (kPa),
Δ is the slope of the vapour pressure curve (kPa °C-1),
and γ is the psychrometric constant (kPa °C-1).

Soil Moisture Deficit Calculation

The Soil Moisture Deficit (SMD)is calculated as follows:

where SMD_t and SMD_t-1 are the SMDs on day t and day t-1 respectively (mm),
Rain is the daily precipitation (mm d-1),
ET_a the daily actual evapotranspiration (mm d-1),
Drain the amount of water drained daily by percolation and/or overland flow (mm d-1)

Actual Evapotranspiration

For each soil drainage class a critical Soil Moisture Deficit, SMD_c, is defined. When the current SMD is less than this critical value then moisture is not limiting respiration and Actual Evapotranspiration equals to Potential Evapotranspiration:

When SMD <= SMD_c

When the current SMD is greater than this critical value, moisture available is no longer unlimiting; as a result, Actual Evapotranspiration is less than Potential Evapotranspiration. In this case it is assumed that AE deceases linearly to zero as the SMD approaches a theoretical maximum value, SMDmax.

When SMD > SMD_c

The value of SMD_c for well and moderately drained soils is zero, and 10mm for poorly drained soils. The value of SMD_max is 110mm for all three soil types.

Drainage

It is assumed that drainage by means of percolation or overland flow only occurs when soil moisture exceeds field capacity (SMD < zero).

• Well Drained soils: These remain at field capacity even on very wet days and are never saturated, all water in excess of field capacity is drained immediately.
• Moderately Drained Soils: These carry water surpluses on wet days but return to field capacity on the first subsequent dry day. This corresponds to a maximum drainage rate in excess of 10mm/day.
• Poorly Drained Soil: These can carry surplus water for a number of days, water drains at the maximum rate of 0.5mm/day when SMD is -10, decreasing linearly to zero when SMD > zero

Effective Drainage is the total drainage amount, i.e. through percolation and overland flow.

The Agricultural Meteorology Unit page is here.

*References

• Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D. and Smith, M. 1998. Crop evapotranspiration. Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO irrigation and drainage paper 56, 227 pages.
• R.P.O.Schulte, J.Diamond, K.Finkele, N.M.Holden and A.J.Brereton 2005. Predicting the Soil Moisture Conditions of Irish Grasslands. Irish Journal of Agricultural Research 44: 95-110.

Due to technical issues the Legal Weather Report Request form is currently not available – please contact us with your request by email legal@met.ie and we will process your request.

If you have requested a Legal Weather Report via the online request form since the 7th January 2025, please contact us directly at legal@met.ie and we will revert to you. Apologies for the inconvenience.

Cuireann Met Éireann tuarascálacha meitéareolaíochta ar fáil do na gairmeacha dlí, árachais agus innealtóireachta agus d’fhiosraitheoirí príobháideacha. Déanann ár Meitéareolaí anailís agus léirmhíniú cúramach ar fhaisnéis mhionsonraithe aimsire a bhaintear as sonraí cartlainne.

Is samplaí iad seo leanas de shonraí as an gcartlann:

• Cairteacha Sionoptacha don uair
• Cairteacha 6 huaire ón Atlantach Thuaidh
• Gaotha leibhéal uachtair
• Íomhánna Radair
• Pictiúir shatailíte
• Léarscáileanna buillí tintrí
• Sonraí Aeráide

SEIRBHÍSÍ MET ÉIREANN DON EARNÁIL DLÍ

Tuairiscí Aimsire
Cuireann Met Éireann tuairiscí aimsire ar fáil do na gairmeacha dlí, árachais agus innealtóireachta nó ó iarratais phríobháideacha. Soláthraíonn Meitéareolaí proifisiúnta an tuairisc, Meitéareolaí a dhéanann iniúchadh ar gach eolas ábhartha agus a thugann a dhearcadh féin ar an aimsir iarbhír. Ní mór iarratais dá leithéid a chur isteach tríd an bpost chuig Iarratais Aeráide, Met Éireann, Cnoc Ghlas Naíon, Baile Átha Cliath 9.

Agaí Freagartha:
Go hidéalach, cuirtear tuairiscí ar fáil laistigh de 2 sheachtain oibre ó fháil an iarratais. Thairis sin, féadann éileamh ar thuairiscí bheith an-athraitheach agus d’fhéadfadh go mairfeadh sé 3 nó 4 seachtaine.
Iarratais Phráinneacha:

Is féidir iarratais phráinneacha a sholáthar de ghnáth laistigh de dhá lá oibre i ndiaidh íocaíochta den fhormhuirear 50% .

Muirir:
Tugtar tuairiscí meitéareolaithe faoi théarmaí “Ráiteas Met Éireann ar Fheidhmeanna Seirbhíse don Phobal” agus tá muirear* ag baint leo atá mar chostas sholáthar na seirbhíse seo. Tá an muirear bunaithe ar an líon uaireanta an chloig a ghlacann sé an tuairisc a sholáthar le híoslíon de 1 uair. Do thuairisc a chlúdaíonn áit amháin ar feadh lae, tá an t-íos-mhuirear i gceist.

Muirir reatha ar fáil anseo.

Cé íocfaidh na muirir:
Tá an duine/an chuideachta a lorgaíonn an tuairisc nó an freastal ar chúirt faoi cheangal costas a íoc agus ní mór an costas seo a íoc go pras ar fháil an tsonraisc. Ní aon bhaint ag an úsáid a bhaintear as an tuairisc ná ag an bhféidearthacht nó cathain/conas a íocfar an duine aonair/cuideachta faoi dheireadh leis an gceanglas seo.

Rúndacht:
Déileálann Met Éireann le gach iarratas do thuairiscí a thagann isteach ar bhonn rúnda. Tarlaíonn uaireanta go ndéanann an dá pháirtí atá bainteach le cás a tháinig chun cinn de bharr an eachtra chéanna tuairisc a lorg. Sa chás seo, cuirfear na tuairiscí ábhartha ar fáil gan tagairt don dá pháirtí. Tá aon duine/cuideachta atá ag lorg go mbeadh Meitéareolaí Met Éireann ag freastal ar chúirt nó bheith ar fhuireachas freastail faoi cheangal díreach na muirir bhainteacha a íoc. Is socrú é seo a dhéantar go díreach le Met Éireann agus tá an íocaíocht dlite gan tagairt do thoradh nó amscála an cháis.

LÁITHRIS CHÚIRTE

Cuireann Met Éireann na céadta tuairisc Meitéareolaíoch ar fáil gach bliain. Nuair a thosaítear ar chásanna cúirte, d’fhéadfadh go dtiocfadh an cheist chun solais maidir le Meitéareolaí bheith i láthair sa chúirt. Tá láithris chúirte am-íditheach agus d’fhéadfadh go dtarlódh dá bharr, fiú i gcás nach bhfuil ach líon beag i gceist, brú mór a bheith ar infhaighteacht Mheitéareolaithe agus bac a chur orainn obair thábhachtach eile a dhéanamh. Dá bharr sin, iarraimid ar ár gcustaiméirí machnamh a dhéanamh ar seo a leanas fad agus a bhíonn siad ag smaoineamh ar an ngá go bhfreastalódh Meitéareolaí ar an gcúirt.

• An bhfuil an aimsir conspóideach?
  Tá sé feicthe againne thar blianta fada nach bhfuil an tuairisc aimsire go hiondúil ina hábhar conspóideach. Déantar tuairiscí aimsire a chomhaontú de ghnáth idir páirtithe ach tarlaíonn seo uaireanta i ndiaidh don Mheitéareolaí taisteal chuig an gcúirt nó roinnt oibre ullmhúcháin a dhéanamh. Fiú nuair a ghlaoitear ar ár Meitéareolaí chun fianaise a thabhairt, ní bhíonn i gceist anseo go minic ach ábhair na tuairisce a athrá agus a dheimhniú, uaireanta bíonn gá le mionsaothrú beag nó tuairim bhreise agus ní bhíonn ceistiú maidir le hábhair na tuairisce i gceist ach go hannamh. Tathantaímid ar gach páirtí iarracht a dhéanamh aontú ar an tuairisc aimsire, nuair is féidir, roimh iarraidh ar Mheitéareolaí réamhobair a dhéanamh nó dul chuig an gcúirt féin.
• Lóistíocht an Mheitéareolaí don láithreas cúirte:
  Chun láithreas cúirte féideartha a dhéanamh chomh héifeachtach agus is féidir, agus chun muirir a íoslaghdú, cuirimid na roghanna seo a leanas ar fáil:Réamhfholáireamh. Tugann seo le fios dúinn go bhféadfadh go mbeadh gá le láithreas cúirt ar dháta ar leith amach anseo. Tugann sé an deis dúinn pleanáil. Níl aon réamhobair ná muirear i gceist.Fuireachas. Má chuirtear Meitéareolaí ar fuireachas do dháta ar leith nó raon dátaí, ciallaíonn seo go mbeadh ar an Meitéareolaí athbhreithniú a dhéanamh ar an tuairisc aimsire agus dul i dtaithí ar an aimsir a bhí ann sa tréimhse ábhartha. Bíonn sé/sí ar fáil dul chun na cúirte ansin i ndiaidh cur in iúl dóibh 1 uair an chloig roimh ré. An muirear atá ann don fhuireachas ná leath an ráta láithris. An t-íosmhuirear* atá ann ná leathlá agus cruthaítear muirir ar bhonn bloc leath-leath. Mura ndéantar fuireachas a chur ar ceal roimh 1p.m., gearrfar muirear don tráthnóna chomh maith. Má chuirtear fuireachas ar ceal sula dtagann an lá, beidh an t-íosmhuirear de leathlá i bhfeidhm chun réamhobair agus briseadh oibre a chlúdach.Láithreas féin. Seo nuair a iarrtar ar Mheitéareolaí taisteal chuig an gcúirt. Bíonn muirir* i bhfeidhm i mbloic leathlaethanta, le haga taistil san áireamh. Má chuirtear láithreas ar ceal 5 lá roimh ré (i.e. láithreas curtha ar ceal an Aoine roimh ré) ní ghearrfar aon mhuirear. Má chuirtear ar ceal é níos déanaí ná 5 lá, gearrfar muirear fuireachais leathlae.
• Cé a bheidh i láthair?
  I gcásanna áirithe, iarrtar orainn an Meitéareolaí ainmnithe céanna a sholáthar is a rinne an tuairisc. Tá seans go mbeadh seo indéanta ach uaireanta eile bheadh seo deacair nó dodhéanta. Ag cur an méid ama san áireamh a bheadh ag teastáil le go dtiocfadh cás chun na cúirte, is minic a tharlaíonn go mbíonn údar na tuairisce tar éis bogadh go háit eile nó dul ar scor. Nuair a thuigtear an dáta, féadaimid ainm an Mheitéareolaí a bheidh ag freastal air a chur ar fáil. B’fhearr go mór linn seirbhísí a sholáthar trí bhonn socruithe dár gcustaiméirí ar an mbealach is éifeachtaí chun comhshochair a bhaint amach.

The following charges for the supply of climatological data and reports apply from Jan 2017 until further notice:

1. Basic Data

Historical climate data sets are now freely available on our website. Applications for free access to climate data not available on our website may be made under the Information on the Environment Regulations (AIE), turnaround time is usually two to four weeks.

An overall minimum charge of €45 + vat applies for urgent requests i.e. supplied within three working days.

2. Analysed Data

Analysed data/reports are prepared and issued by different meteorological grades and charged for at the appropriate hourly/daily rates (detailed below).

An overall minimum charge of €45 + vat applies.

3. Weather Reports

Weather reports are prepared and issued by different meteorological grades and charged for at the appropriate hourly rate. Legal reports are produced by a Meteorologist. Customers requesting priority treatment are charged 50% extra. The minimum charge for a weather report is the hourly rate for the relevant grade.

The following charges apply:

Rátaí uaire:

Rátaí laethúla

In cases where daily rates are appropriate, such as court attendance or site survey, travel and subsistence charges also apply. The minimum charge is for half a day. A standby charge of 50% of the daily rate applies where staff may be required to be available to be called to attend court.

Note: Finance Act 2010 and Value Added Tax

In accordance with Section 117 of the Finance Act 2010, from 1st July 2010 public bodies engaged in VAT-able activities will be obliged to register and account for VAT. Accordingly from 1st July 2010, invoices issued by Met Éireann for climatological data and services delivered after that date will include VAT at the higher rate.

Weather Events in Public Works Contracts

An objective and measurable approach was adopted in relation to what is considered to be a weather event which could trigger a delay event, i.e. the contractor gets additional time. A delay event is triggered when a weather event exceeds a defined threshold (90th percentile) value in any given month.

Weather events are:

• Number of days per month with a rainfall amount > 10mm.
• Number of days per month with a maximum 10-min. mean wind speed >=15m/s.
• Number of days per month with a minimum temperature < 0 deg. C.

Monthly Weather Data

Monthly weather events for our Synoptic stations are available online, simply select a station from the map via the link below. To view the Weather Events for Public Works Contracts data, select a station first, then click the link just below the map.

View Monthly Weather Data

The Department of Finance document describes how weather events are calculated and the historical data used to determine entitlement to an extension of time. Threshold values (90th percentiles) are detailed in this document.

The 90th percentile is the lowest value which has 90% of the sample data less than or equal to it. All available data for each station was used in its calculation. A station was not used unless there were at least 10 years of data available in the last 12 years for each calendar month.

Féach ar Shampla Athfhillte Báistí (doiciméad PDF 10kb)

• Le samhail minicíochta faid doimhneachta, d’fhéadfaí minicíochtaí báistí pointe a mheas le haghaidh raon fad in aon láthair in Éirinn. Sa tsamhail, tá innéacs (airmheánach) báistí agus cuar fáis log-loighistice a sholáthraíonn iolraitheoir an innéacs báistí. Rinneadh anailís ar shonraí stáisiúin báistí agus ríomhadh innéacs báistí le haghaidh gach stáisiúin. Scríobhadh algartaim ríomhaire chun an tsamhail a oiriúnú do shonraí stáisiúin, chun paraiméadair shamhla a ríomh ar fud na léarscáile agus chun aschuir bháisteach na tréimhse athfhillte a chur ar fáil ag aon láthair in Éirinn.
• Leis an tacar luachanna paraiméadair ina ndéantar achoimre ar an ngaol báistí, Doimhneacht-Fad-Minicíocht (DFM), is féidir meastacháin chomhsheasmhacha a chur ar fáil ar mhinicíochtaí báistí pointe thar thréimhsí idir 5 nóiméad agus 25 lá agus tréimhsí athfhillte 6 mhí go 120 bliain. Tháinig na meastacháin sin in ionad iad siúd a soláthraíodh in Fitzgerald (2007).
• Tá na táblaí Tréimhse Athfhillte Báistí sin ar fáil saor in aisce anois ach an fhoirm thíos a chur isteach.

Modh a úsáidtear chun Meastacháin a dhéanamh ar Mhinicíochtaí Báistí Pointe

Mateus, C., agus Coonan, B. 2023. Meastachán ar mhinicíochtaí báistí pointe in Éirinn. Nóta Teicniúil Uimh. 68. Met Éireann. http://hdl.handle.net/2262/102417

Request a Rainfall Return Period Table

Seolfar tábla Tréimhse Athfhillte Báistí chuig do sheoladh ríomhphoist laistigh d’uair an chloig. Níl aon seiceáil ann le fáil amach an bhfuil Ainm an Chomhaid ag teacht leis na comhordanáidí a soláthraíodh. * Cinntigh le do thoil go n-úsáideann tú comhordanáidí Eangach na hÉireann, seachas Trasteilgean Mercator na hÉireann.
Tá Aimsitheoir Tagartha Eangach na hÉireann ar fáil anseo

Íoslódáil Eangach na Meánbháistí Bliantúla 1991-2020
Déan teagmháil linn ag a href=”mailto:enq@met.ie”>enq@met.ie le do thoil, má bhíonn aon fhadhb agat.

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